Retrospective Analysis of the Annual Deposition Velocity of 137Cs after the Fallout of the Chornobyl Accident

А. М. Novikov

Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, 12, Lysogirska st., Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI: doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.20.2.8

Abstract

The radioactive aerosol deposition velocity is a very important parameter for calculation of radioactive fallout transportation. The idea concerning the existence of interdependence between the volume activity and the depositional fluxes allows evaluating quickly the deposition velocity on the grounds of the experimental data. At the same time in accordance with the experimental measurement data a considerable fluctuation of the dry deposition velocity (more than three orders of magnitude) is observed.
In this review the assessment of the average annual total deposition (dry and wet) velocity of 137Cs was carried out on the basis of the analysed and systematised archive experimental data on volume activity and deposition fluxes that was accumulated during monitoring, research and practical work on investigation and liquidation of the consequences of the Chornobyl accident. Moreover, the results of the correlation analysis are given, which to some extent gives a possibility not only to reveal the regularities pertinent to respective processes, but also to complement and extend the existenting knowledge concerning the improvement of the deposition velocity assessment with the help of the experimental data.
From the analyzed experimental data on the measurements obtained after the Chornobyl accident, it appears that there is generally a strong positive correlation between the average annual volume activity values and the 137Cs fallout flux density. This, to a certain extent, makes it possible to further confirm the validity of the experimental measurements taken and to estimate the deposition rate of radioactive aerosols using the ratio between the volume activity and depositional fluxes.
The declining trends in annual average values of the total deposition rate for Kyiv and Chornobyl and the negative correlation between time and Vtotal may indicate a general trend towards a decrease in the aerodynamic size of aerosol particles — 137Cs carriers. According to the results of measurements in Kyiv, the dependence of the rate of total deposition of 137Cs on time can be approximated by a function y (t) = 36 11 e~. Several times higher values of the general deposition rate in Kyiv compared to Chornobyl in the years following the accident and the gradual decrease and equalization of values in the future may indicate a significant role of anthropogenic activity in the years following the accident.
A positive correlation between the rate of total (as well as wet) deposition and volume activity is observed. At the same time, there is no correlation between the rate of dry deposition and the volume activity, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is negative. The explanation to this may be that the contribution to the annual values of the total deposition was mainly determined by wet deposition (~82 %, and only ~18 % by dry deposition, according to measurements in Greece, 1987-1993).
Overall, the estimated values of total velocity as well as the dry deposition are close to those obtained in independent studies (1-30 cm/s and 0,14-1,45 cm/s, respectively).

Keywords: total, wet and dry deposition velocity, volume activity, deposition fluxes, Chornobyl accident, 137Cs.

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2020-05-16

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