O. V. Haidar, I. O. Pavlenko, O. V. Sviatun, O. V. Svarychevska, I. A. Maliuk,
S. V. Teletska
Institute for Nuclear Research, NAS of Ukraine, 47, Nauky ave, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
DOI: doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.20.2.11
Abstract
The urgent task of the Institute for Nuclear Research (KINR) of NAS of Ukraine as the operating organization of the research nuclear reactor (RNR) WWR-M, is to maintain its efficient work, as well as the radiation safety of personnel, population and the environment, since the RNR is operated within the multi-million city. During the entire period of operation of RNR, systematic regular radiation monitoring of the state of the environment in its sanitary protection zone (SPZ) and the surveillance zone (SZ) is carried out.
According to the rules, levels of the total beta-activity in precipitation and sedimentary dust, water from the main KINR collectors and the content of one of the main radionuclides of technogenic origin — 137Cs in soil and vegetation are being monitored. Also, the content of beta-active aerosols in the surface air and the equivalent dose rate (EDR) of gamma-radiation are measured. The estimation of the impact of RNR is performed by measuring the parameters at the stationary radiation control points (SRCP) in the SPZ and SZ selected with regard to the wind rose. In addition to the monthly sampling of precipitation and sediment dust, soil and vegetation samples are sampled twice a year in the area where sedimentation posts are placed. At these points, EDR measurements of gamma radiation are carried out at a distance of 0.1 m and 1 m from the earth’s surface. The selection of wastewater is carried out from two main collectors of the reactor and the tritium laboratories of the KINR: wells 1 and 2.
In the SZ of the RNR WWR-M radiation monitoring is carried out at 12 stationary points of the RC, six of which are at a distance of 2 km from the ventilation pipe of the RNR WWR-M and the rest — at a distance of up to 5 km. At these points, soil and vegetation samples are sampled and gamma radiation EDR is measured.
The paper presents the results of radiation monitoring of the air environment in SPZ and SZ of RNR WWR-M for 2014-2018 and its comparison with the data for 2019. The dynamics of annual values of the surface density of precipitation of \( \beta \)-active radionuclides with sedimentary dust and atmospheric dust are investigated. It is shown that the levels of radiation pollution do not exceed the levels typical for Kyiv and are lower than the permissible levels, regulated by the normative documents of Ukraine.
Keywords: radiation monitoring, research nuclear reactor, threatening natural environment.
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